CEMACS EXPERIMENT
The CEMACS Experiment, Muka Head Station (MY-MKH)
We constructed an eddy covariance tower on a platform, called the Muka Head station (MY-MKH) in the tropical coastal location at the Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS) of Universiti Sains Malaysia. CEMACS is situated in the national forest reserve on the tropical coast of Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
The Muka Head station is a coastal eddy covariance observatory measuring air–sea fluxes of moisture and carbon dioxide to quantify the sink–source behaviour of the tropical coastal ocean. Located along the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, the site captures conditions representative of a monsoon-influenced, shallow shelf environment within the eastern Andaman Sea. The station provides continuous, high-frequency observations of air–sea interactions, complemented by meteorological and surface water measurements. These observations enable the characterization of variability in coastal carbon exchange across diurnal to interannual timescales. Integration with satellite products (e.g., MODIS chlorophyll) reveals a linkage between marine biological productivity and CO₂ flux, highlighting the role of biophysical coupling in regulating coastal carbon dynamics. The observed variability reflects the combined influence of monsoonal forcing, tidal and wind-driven mixing, and regional oceanographic processes, with potential contributions from mesoscale variability in the surrounding Andaman Sea. Read more about it at here. As part of the broader coastal observing system, the Muka Head station contributes to improving process understanding and supporting the development and validation of coastal ocean and Earth system models for tropical regions.
We provide updated plots of half-hourly 24-hour flux and weather data in the link in the navigation bar. Please contact us to inquire about our work or request data by e-mail or by visiting Yusri Yusup's website.